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    Error of compiling for the Ai thinker esp32-cam

    ESP32
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    • J
      juniot237 last edited by salmanfaris

      Morning everybody
      I am working on an object detection since 2 weeks.i have started the project by a testing object using edge impulse to creat the library based on this object but when i compile the code i have an error
      That's the code:

      #include <final_inferencing.h>
      #include "edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/image/image.hpp"
      
      #include "esp_camera.h"
      
      
      //#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE // Has PSRAM
      #define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER // Has PSRAM
      
      #if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM    -1
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM   -1
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM    4
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM    18
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM    23
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM      36
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM      37
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM      38
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM      39
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM      35
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM      14
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM      13
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM      34
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM   5
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM    27
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM    25
      
      #elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22
      
      #else
      #error "Camera model not selected"
      #endif
      
      
      #define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS           320
      #define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS           240
      #define EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE                 3
      
      
      static bool debug_nn = false; 
      static bool is_initialised = false;
      uint8_t *snapshot_buf; 
      static camera_config_t camera_config = {
          .pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM,
      
          .pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM,
          .pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM,
      
         
          .xclk_freq_hz = 20000000,
          .ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0,
          .ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,
      
          .pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG, 
          .frame_size = FRAMESIZE_QVGA,    
          .jpeg_quality = 12, 
          .fb_count = 1,       
          .fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_PSRAM,
          .grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_WHEN_EMPTY,
      };
      
      bool ei_camera_init(void);
      void ei_camera_deinit(void);
      bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) ;
      
      
      void setup()
      {
          
          Serial.begin(115200);
          
          while (!Serial);
          Serial.println("Edge Impulse Inferencing Demo");
          if (ei_camera_init() == false) {
              ei_printf("Failed to initialize Camera!\r\n");
          }
          else {
              ei_printf("Camera initialized\r\n");
          }
      
          ei_printf("\nStarting continious inference in 2 seconds...\n");
          ei_sleep(2000);
      }
      
      
      void loop()
      {
      
      
          if (ei_sleep(5) != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
              return;
          }
      
          snapshot_buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS * EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS * EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE);
      
      
          if(snapshot_buf == nullptr) {
              ei_printf("ERR: Failed to allocate snapshot buffer!\n");
              return;
          }
      
          ei::signal_t signal;
          signal.total_length = EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH * EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT;
          signal.get_data = &ei_camera_get_data;
      
          if (ei_camera_capture((size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH, (size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT, snapshot_buf) == false) {
              ei_printf("Failed to capture image\r\n");
              free(snapshot_buf);
              return;
          }
      
        
          ei_impulse_result_t result = { 0 };
      
          EI_IMPULSE_ERROR err = run_classifier(&signal, &result, debug_nn);
          if (err != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
              ei_printf("ERR: Failed to run classifier (%d)\n", err);
              return;
          }
      
          ei_printf("Predictions (DSP: %d ms., Classification: %d ms., Anomaly: %d ms.): \n",
                      result.timing.dsp, result.timing.classification, result.timing.anomaly);
      
      #if EI_CLASSIFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION == 1
          bool bb_found = result.bounding_boxes[0].value > 0;
          for (size_t ix = 0; ix < result.bounding_boxes_count; ix++) {
              auto bb = result.bounding_boxes[ix];
              if (bb.value == 0) {
                  continue;
              }
              ei_printf("    %s (%f) [ x: %u, y: %u, width: %u, height: %u ]\n", bb.label, bb.value, bb.x, bb.y, bb.width, bb.height);
          }
          if (!bb_found) {
              ei_printf("    No objects found\n");
          }
      #else
          for (size_t ix = 0; ix < EI_CLASSIFIER_LABEL_COUNT; ix++) {
              ei_printf("    %s: %.5f\n", result.classification[ix].label,
                                          result.classification[ix].value);
          }
      #endif
      
      #if EI_CLASSIFIER_HAS_ANOMALY == 1
              ei_printf("    anomaly score: %.3f\n", result.anomaly);
      #endif
      
      
          free(snapshot_buf);
      
      }
      
      /**
       * @brief   Setup image sensor & start streaming
       *
       * @retval  false if initialisation failed
       */
      bool ei_camera_init(void) {
      
          if (is_initialised) return true;
      
      #if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
        pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);
        pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);
      #endif
      
        
          esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&camera_config);
          if (err != ESP_OK) {
            Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x\n", err);
            return false;
          }
      
          sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
          
          if (s->id.PID == OV3660_PID) {
            s->set_vflip(s, 1); // flip it back
            s->set_brightness(s, 1); // up the brightness just a bit
            s->set_saturation(s, 0); // lower the saturation
          }
      
      #if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE)
          s->set_vflip(s, 1);
          s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
      #elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
          s->set_vflip(s, 1);
          s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
          s->set_awb_gain(s, 1);
      #endif
      
          is_initialised = true;
          return true;
      }
      
      
      void ei_camera_deinit(void) {
      
          //deinitialize the camera
          esp_err_t err = esp_camera_deinit();
      
          if (err != ESP_OK)
          {
              ei_printf("Camera deinit failed\n");
              return;
          }
      
          is_initialised = false;
          return;
      }
      
      bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) {
          bool do_resize = false;
      
          if (!is_initialised) {
              ei_printf("ERR: Camera is not initialized\r\n");
              return false;
          }
      
          camera_fb_t *fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
      
          if (!fb) {
              ei_printf("Camera capture failed\n");
              return false;
          }
      
         bool converted = fmt2rgb888(fb->buf, fb->len, PIXFORMAT_JPEG, snapshot_buf);
      
         esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
      
         if(!converted){
             ei_printf("Conversion failed\n");
             return false;
         }
      
          if ((img_width != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS)
              || (img_height != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS)) {
              do_resize = true;
          }
      
          if (do_resize) {
              ei::image::processing::crop_and_interpolate_rgb888(
              out_buf,
              EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS,
              EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS,
              out_buf,
              img_width,
              img_height);
          }
      
      
          return true;
      }
      
      static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr)
      {
          // we already have a RGB888 buffer, so recalculate offset into pixel index
          size_t pixel_ix = offset * 3;
          size_t pixels_left = length;
          size_t out_ptr_ix = 0;
      
          while (pixels_left != 0) {
             
              out_ptr[out_ptr_ix] = (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 2] << 16) + (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 1] << 8) + snapshot_buf[pixel_ix];
      
      
              out_ptr_ix++;
              pixel_ix+=3;
              pixels_left--;
          }
         
          return 0;
      }
      
      #if !defined(EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR) || EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR != EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR_CAMERA
      #error "Invalid model for current sensor"
      #endif
      
      end that is the error:
      fork/exec C:\Users\NGALEU JNR\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc\esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++.exe: Nom de fichier ou extension trop long.
      Erreur de compilation pour la carte AI Thinker ESP32-CAM
      

      please i need help to fix it
      thanks

      salmanfaris 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
      • salmanfaris
        salmanfaris @juniot237 last edited by

        @juniot237 This is a common error with Windows when the path name is too long. Can you try this same code with Linux and see if it's working?

        1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
        • Benocarrental
          Benocarrental last edited by salmanfaris

          This also happened to me when I was given a task from my company, So what I can recommend is:
          Ensure that the correct board, "AI Thinker ESP32-CAM," is selected in the Tools menu of your Arduino IDE.
          If the board is not listed, you may need to install it through the Board Manager. Search for "ESP32" and install the latest version.
          Ensure that necessary libraries like ESP32-CAM, WiFi, and HTTPClient are installed. You can install them through the Library Manager.

          Carefully check your code for typos, missing semicolons, or incorrect syntax.
          Verify that you're using the correct function names and parameters.

          1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
          • First post
            Last post

          Recent Posts

          • @mahesh02 From the current Arduino ESP32 board files, we don't need to install the ESP-NN separately.

            But try to choose the esp32 board version 3.1.3 and check, as I also faced issues with the latest esp32 board file.

            • read more
          • M

            Im having the same error as below, it will be really awesome if you can help me.

            In file included from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_classifier_types.h:40,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_model_types.h:40,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:38,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/mahesh02-project-1_inferencing.h:49,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:27:
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/model-parameters/model_metadata.h:108:2: warning: #warning 'EI_CLASSFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION_COUNT' is used for the guaranteed minimum number of objects detected. To get all objects during inference use 'bounding_boxes_count' from the 'ei_impulse_result_t' struct instead. [-Wcpp]
            #warning 'EI_CLASSFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION_COUNT' is used for the guaranteed minimum number of objects detected. To get all objects during inference use 'bounding_boxes_count' from the 'ei_impulse_result_t' struct instead.
            ^~~~~~~
            In file included from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/memory.hpp:38,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/ei_alloc.h:34,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/ei_vector.h:34,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/numpy_types.h:40,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/ei_dsp_handle.h:35,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_model_types.h:41,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:38,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/mahesh02-project-1_inferencing.h:49,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:27:
            c:\users\mahesh\onedrive\documents\arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src\edge-impulse-sdk\porting\ei_classifier_porting.h:310: warning: "EI_PORTING_ARDUINO" redefined
            #define EI_PORTING_ARDUINO 0

            c:\users\mahesh\onedrive\documents\arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src\edge-impulse-sdk\porting\ei_classifier_porting.h:279: note: this is the location of the previous definition
            #define EI_PORTING_ARDUINO 1

            In file included from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/speechpy.hpp:35,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_dsp.h:40,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:41,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/mahesh02-project-1_inferencing.h:49,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:27:
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp: In static member function 'static int ei::speechpy::feature::mfe(ei::matrix_t*, ei::matrix_t*, ei::signal_t*, uint32_t, float, float, uint16_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint16_t)':
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp:236:52: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei::speechpy::ei_stack_frames_info::frame_ixs' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            stack_frames_info_t stack_frame_info = { 0 };
            ^
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp:236:52: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei::speechpy::ei_stack_frames_info::frame_length' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            In file included from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/speechpy.hpp:35,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_dsp.h:40,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:41,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/mahesh02-project-1_inferencing.h:49,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:27:
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp: In static member function 'static int ei::speechpy::feature::mfe_v3(ei::matrix_t*, ei::matrix_t*, ei::signal_t*, uint32_t, float, float, uint16_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint16_t)':
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp:436:52: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei::speechpy::ei_stack_frames_info::frame_ixs' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            stack_frames_info_t stack_frame_info = { 0 };
            ^
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp:436:52: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei::speechpy::ei_stack_frames_info::frame_length' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp: In static member function 'static int ei::speechpy::feature::spectrogram(ei::matrix_t*, ei::signal_t*, float, float, float, uint16_t, uint16_t)':
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp:576:52: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei::speechpy::ei_stack_frames_info::frame_ixs' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            stack_frames_info_t stack_frame_info = { 0 };
            ^
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/speechpy/feature.hpp:576:52: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei::speechpy::ei_stack_frames_info::frame_length' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            In file included from C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/mahesh02-project-1_inferencing.h:49,
            from C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:27:
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h: In function 'EI_IMPULSE_ERROR {anonymous}::process_impulse(ei_impulse_handle_t*, ei::signal_t*, ei_impulse_result_t*, bool)':
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:307:23: error: format '%lu' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'size_t' {aka 'unsigned int'} [-Werror=format=]
            ei_printf("ERR: Out of memory, can't allocate matrix_ptrs[%lu]\n", ix);
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:312:23: error: format '%lu' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'size_t' {aka 'unsigned int'} [-Werror=format=]
            ei_printf("ERR: Out of memory, can't allocate matrix_ptrs[%lu]\n", ix);
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h: In function 'EI_IMPULSE_ERROR {anonymous}::process_impulse_continuous(ei_impulse_handle_t*, ei::signal_t*, ei_impulse_result_t*, bool)':
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:558:27: error: format '%lu' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'size_t' {aka 'unsigned int'} [-Werror=format=]
            ei_printf("ERR: Out of memory, can't allocate matrix_ptrs[%lu]\n", ix);
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~
            C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing\src/edge-impulse-sdk/classifier/ei_run_classifier.h:563:27: error: format '%lu' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'size_t' {aka 'unsigned int'} [-Werror=format=]
            ei_printf("ERR: Out of memory, can't allocate matrix_ptrs[%lu]\n", ix);
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino: In function 'void loop()':
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:181:38: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei_impulse_result_t::bounding_boxes_count' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            ei_impulse_result_t result = { 0 };
            ^
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:181:38: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei_impulse_result_t::classification' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:181:38: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei_impulse_result_t::anomaly' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:181:38: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei_impulse_result_t::timing' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:181:38: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei_impulse_result_t::copy_output' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            C:\Users\Mahesh\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_modified_sketch_680639\esp32_camera.ino:181:38: warning: missing initializer for member 'ei_impulse_result_t::postprocessed_output' [-Wmissing-field-initializers]
            cc1plus.exe: some warnings being treated as errors
            Using library mahesh02-project-1_inferencing at version 1.0.1 in folder: C:\Users\Mahesh\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\libraries\mahesh02-project-1_inferencing
            exit status 1
            Error compiling for board AI Thinker ESP32-CAM.

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          • This also happened to me when I was given a task from my company, So what I can recommend is:
            Ensure that the correct board, "AI Thinker ESP32-CAM," is selected in the Tools menu of your Arduino IDE.
            If the board is not listed, you may need to install it through the Board Manager. Search for "ESP32" and install the latest version.
            Ensure that necessary libraries like ESP32-CAM, WiFi, and HTTPClient are installed. You can install them through the Library Manager.

            Carefully check your code for typos, missing semicolons, or incorrect syntax.
            Verify that you're using the correct function names and parameters.

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          • Hi @PumpedMedusa, The rage is depends on the Antenna and how much TX power you have.

            To choose antenna, first you need figure out - where your nodes will be, take a look at the below image. The antenna act like a "torch" if you have more dbi that mean it's focus will be increase and it can reach more distance but the angle it have it less, like a laser.

            458a3da2-175a-4968-917c-56c5a1b763f8-image.png

            also, obstacle such as buildings, tress and mountains will affect the signal and deplete it.

            afe5eba4-b192-4263-8596-80c912fc1f23-image.png

            So, answer for you question - What is the best LoRa module to use for long distance network? - It's really depends on where you planning to put the nodes and how high you putting the gateway. Let me know know your thoughts.

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          • @Parves-DOMINO Did you able to solve the issue?

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